Fig wasps described in the book are shown below. The first image is reproduced from the appendix of Duthie et al. (2015). The rest of the images I took myself and are not published anywhere else; feel free to use them for educational purposes.


Community of fig wasps associated with F. petiolaris in Baja California, which is pollinated by a wasp of the genus Pegoscapus (a). Five gallers shown with blue borders include three species of Idarnes (b: LO1, c: SO1, d: SO2) and two species of Heterandrium (e: Het1, f: Het2). Additionally, a species of Aepocerus (g) feeds on an inner layer of F. petiolaris syconia and is parasitised by a species of Physothorax (h). All wasps pictured developed from the same F. petiolaris syconium.


Ficus petiolaris tree pictures


Ficus petiolaris root pictures


Ficus petiolaris syconia pictures

Early phase syconium with wasps inside

Later stage fig syconium

Fig syconium after wasp emergence


Ficus petiolaris habitat pictures